1.你給的a數組，第一個值應該是 1010對吧，
2.a數組的值 ，我能過目測是分別與VKORG，VTWEG，VBED三個值相對應的，有沒有不對應的需求，如果是對應的，哪就按下面代碼來就可以

let a = [['1010','20','10'], ['3010','40','20']]
let b = [
{
  KUNN2:"0000000001",
  PARVW_TEXT:"收款方",
  VKORG:'3010',
  VTWEG:'40',
  VSBED:'20'
},
 {
  KUNN2:"0000000002",
  PARVW_TEXT:"收款方",
  VKORG:'1010',
  VTWEG:'20',
  VSBED:'10'
},
{
  KUNN2:"0000000003",
  PARVW_TEXT:"收款方",
  VKORG:'4100',
  VTWEG:'30',
  VSBED:'10'
},
{
  KUNN2:"0000000004",
  PARVW_TEXT:"收款方",
  VKORG:'3010',
  VTWEG:'40',
  VSBED:'20'
},
{
 KUNN2:"0000000005",
 PARVW_TEXT:"收款方",
 VKORG:'1010',
 VTWEG:'20',
 VSBED:'10'
 }
]

let c= b.filter((item)=>{
  let index = a.find((arr)=>{
    return arr[0]=== item.VKORG && arr[1]===item.VTWEG && arr[2]===item.VSBED
  })
  if(index){
    return item
  }
})

console.log(c)

第二種方法，判斷只要obj里的值含有 數組里的值就返回，從你的回復里看到，a數組的子數組個數也不確定，但是問題 如果存在以下數據，也會被返回

{
  KUNN2:"0000000001",
  PARVW_TEXT:"收款方",
  VKORG:'10',
  VTWEG:'1010',
  VSBED:'20'
} 
用下面的方法，這樣的數據也是匹配的。

let d = a.map((keys)=>{
  let res = b.filter((item)=>{
    let objarr = Object.values(item)
    let oldlength = objarr.length
    //以下代碼用于判斷數組是否為另一個數組的子集，采用的方法是把兩個數組合并，再去重后的數組長度等于原數組長度，則判定子集匹配。
    let newarr = [...objarr,...keys]
    let newlength =[...new Set(newarr)].length
    if(oldlength === newlength){
      return item
    }
  })
  return res
  
})

應該是你想要的吧

let a = [['1010', '20', '10'], ['3010', '40', '20']]
let b = [
    {
        KUNN2: "0000000001",
        PARVW_TEXT: "收款方",
        VKORG: '3010',
        VTWEG: '40',
        VSBED: '20'
    },
    {
        KUNN2: "0000000002",
        PARVW_TEXT: "收款方",
        VKORG: '1010',
        VTWEG: '20',
        VSBED: '10'
    },
    {
        KUNN2: "0000000003",
        PARVW_TEXT: "收款方",
        VKORG: '4100',
        VTWEG: '30',
        VSBED: '10'
    },
    {
        KUNN2: "0000000004",
        PARVW_TEXT: "收款方",
        VKORG: '3010',
        VTWEG: '40',
        VSBED: '20'
    },
    {
        KUNN2: "0000000005",
        PARVW_TEXT: "收款方",
        VKORG: '1010',
        VTWEG: '20',
        VSBED: '10'
    }
]

const result = [];

for (const aItem of a) {
    const bFilter = b.filter(({ VKORG, VTWEG, VSBED }) => VKORG === aItem[0] && VTWEG === aItem[1] && VSBED === aItem[2]);
    bFilter.length > 0 && result.push(bFilter);
}
console.log(result);